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Principles of Economics

Built in collaboration with contributing instructors across the country, Principles of Economics introduces students to fundamental economics concepts through multimodal instruction, personalized practice, and automated assessments.

As students interact with current examples and real-world applications, they will recognize the role that economics plays in the world around them. This title was designed to reach and engage a wide audience with integration of the latest data and connections to current social and policy concerns. It equips students to think critically about economics both within a global framework and in the context of their own personal and financial decisions. Content highlights:

  • Consistent emphasis on relevant examples and trends - including updated COVID-19 applications
  • Chapter Projects that promote collaboration and creativity while exploring the practical side of economics as it relates to each chapter
  • Work it Out, Graph It, and On Your Own Interactives throughout the instruction to reinforce student learning
  • Group Activities, Further Resources, Example-level videos, and Reflection Questions to expand learning & perspective
  • An introductory mathematics chapter for remediation in applicable mathematics topics such as graphing, solving equations, and calculating area
  • Robust question bank for practical application including step-by-step tutorials and intelligent, explain error feedback

Formats: Software

Product ISBN
Software 978-1-64277-525-9

Table of Contents

  1. Chapter 0: Math Review
    1. 0.1 Addition and Subtraction
    2. 0.2 Multiplication and Division
    3. 0.3 Order of Operations
    4. 0.4 Algebraic Expressions
    5. 0.5 Basics of Percent
    6. 0.6 Linear Equations
    7. 0.7 Graphing
    8. 0.8 Calculating Area
    9. Chapter 0 Review
  2. Chapter 1: Welcome to Economics!
    1. 1.1 What Is Economics, and Why Is It Important?
    2. 1.2 Economic Theories, Models, and Systems
    3. Chapter 1 Review
  3. Chapter 2: Choice in a World of Scarcity
    1. 2.1 How Individuals Make Choices Based on Their Budget Constraint
    2. 2.2 The Production Possibilities Frontier and Social Choices
    3. 2.3 Confronting Objections to the Economic Approach
    4. Chapter 2 Review
  4. Chapter 3: Demand and Supply
    1. 3.1 Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium in Markets for Goods and Services
    2. 3.2 Shifts in Demand and Supply for Goods and Services
    3. 3.3 Changes in Equilibrium Price and Quantity: The Four-Step Process
    4. 3.4 Price Ceilings and Price Floors
    5. 3.5 Demand, Supply, and Efficiency
    6. Chapter 3 Review
  5. Chapter 4: Labor and Financial Markets
    1. 4.1 Demand and Supply at Work in Labor Markets
    2. 4.2 Demand and Supply in Financial Markets
    3. 4.3 The Market System as an Efficient Mechanism for Information
    4. Chapter 4 Review
  6. Chapter 5: Elasticity
    1. 5.1 Price Elasticity of Demand and Price Elasticity of Supply
    2. 5.2 Polar Cases of Elasticity and Constant Elasticity
    3. 5.3 Elasticity and Pricing
    4. 5.4 Elasticity in Areas Other Than Price
    5. Chapter 5 Review
  7. Chapter 6: Consumer Choices
    1. 6.1 Consumption Choices
    2. 6.2 How Changes in Income and Prices Affect Consumption Choices
    3. 6.3 Behavioral Economics: An Alternative Framework for Consumer Choice
    4. Chapter 6 Review
  8. Chapter 7: Production, Costs, and Industry Structure
    1. 7.1 Explicit and Implicit Costs, and Accounting and Economic Profit
    2. 7.2 Production in the Short Run
    3. 7.3 Costs in the Short Run
    4. 7.4 Production in the Long Run
    5. 7.5 Costs in the Long Run
    6. Chapter 7 Review
  9. Chapter 8: Perfect Competition
    1. 8.1 Perfect Competition and Why It Matters
    2. 8.2 How Perfectly Competitive Firms Make Output Decisions
    3. 8.3 Entry and Exit Decisions in the Long Run
    4. 8.4 Efficiency in Perfectly Competitive Markets
    5. Chapter 8 Review
  10. Chapter 9: Monopoly
    1. 9.1 How Monopolies Form: Barriers to Entry
    2. 9.2 How a Profit-Maximizing Monopoly Chooses Output and Price
    3. Chapter 9 Review
  11. Chapter 10: Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
    1. 10.1 Monopolistic Competition
    2. 10.2 Oligopoly
    3. Chapter 10 Review
  12. Chapter 11: Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
    1. 11.1 Corporate Mergers
    2. 11.2 Regulating Anticompetitive Behavior
    3. 11.3 Regulating Natural Monopolies
    4. 11.4 The Great Deregulation Experiment
    5. Chapter 11 Review
  13. Chapter 12: Environmental Protection and Negative Externalities
    1. 12.1 The Economics of Pollution
    2. 12.2 Policies to Reduce Pollution
    3. 12.3 The Benefits and Costs of U.S. Environmental Laws
    4. 12.4 International Environmental Issues
    5. 12.5 The Tradeoff between Economic Output and Environmental Protection
    6. Chapter 12 Review
  14. Chapter 13: Positive Externalities and Public Goods
    1. 13.1 Why the Private Sector Underinvests In Innovation
    2. 13.2 How Governments Can Encourage Innovation
    3. 13.3 Public Goods
    4. Chapter 13 Review
  15. Chapter 14: Labor Markets and Income
    1. 14.1 The Theory of Labor Markets
    2. 14.2 Wages and Employment in an Imperfectly Competitive Labor Market
    3. 14.3 Market Power on the Supply Side of Labor Markets
    4. 14.4 Employment Discrimination
    5. 14.5 Immigration
    6. Chapter 14 Review
  16. Chapter 15: Poverty and Economic Inequality
    1. 15.1 Drawing the Poverty Line
    2. 15.2 The Poverty Trap
    3. 15.3 The Safety Net
    4. 15.4 Income Inequality: Measurement and Causes
    5. 15.5 Government Policies to Reduce Income Inequality
    6. Chapter 15 Review
  17. Chapter 16: Information, Risk, and Insurance
    1. 16.1 The Problem of Imperfect Information and Asymmetric Information
    2. 16.2 Insurance and Imperfect Information
    3. Chapter 16 Review
  18. Chapter 17: Financial Markets
    1. 17.1 How Businesses Raise Financial Capital
    2. 17.2 How Households Supply Financial Capital
    3. 17.3 How to Accumulate Personal Wealth
    4. Chapter 17 Review
  19. Chapter 18: Public Economy
    1. 18.1 Voter Participation and Costs of Elections
    2. 18.2 Special Interest Politics
    3. 18.3 Flaws in the Democratic System of Government
    4. Chapter 18 Review
  20. Chapter 19: The Macroeconomic Perspective
    1. 19.1 Measuring the Size of the Economy: Gross Domestic Product
    2. 19.2 Adjusting Nominal Values to Real Values
    3. 19.3 Comparing GDP among Countries
    4. 19.4 How Well GDP Measures the Well-Being of Society
    5. Chapter 19 Review
  21. Chapter 20: Economic Growth
    1. 20.1 The Relatively Recent Arrival of Economic Growth
    2. 20.2 Labor Productivity and Economic Growth
    3. 20.3 Components of Economic Growth
    4. 20.4 Economic Convergence
    5. Chapter 20 Review
  22. Chapter 21: Unemployment
    1. 21.1 How Economists Define and Compute Unemployment Rate
    2. 21.2 Patterns of Unemployment
    3. 21.3 What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Short Run
    4. 21.4 What Causes Changes in Unemployment over the Long Run
    5. Chapter 21 Review
  23. Chapter 22: Inflation
    1. 22.1 Tracking Inflation
    2. 22.2 How to Measure Changes in the Cost of Living
    3. 22.3 How the U.S. and Other Countries Experience Inflation
    4. 22.4 The Confusion over Inflation
    5. 22.5 Indexing and Its Limitations
    6. Chapter 22 Review
  24. Chapter 23: The International Trade and Capital Flows
    1. 23.1 Measuring Trade Balances
    2. 23.2 Trade Balances and Flows of Financial Capital
    3. 23.3 The National Saving and Investment Identity
    4. 23.4 The Pros and Cons of Trade Deficits and Surpluses
    5. 23.5 The Difference between Level of Trade and the Trade Balance
    6. Chapter 23 Review
  25. Chapter 24: The Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Model
    1. 24.1 Building a Model of Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
    2. 24.2 Shifts in Aggregate Supply
    3. 24.3 Shifts in Aggregate Demand
    4. 24.4 How the AD/AS Model Incorporates Growth, Unemployment, and Inflation
    5. 24.5 Keynes' Law and Say's Law in the AD/AS Model
    6. Chapter 24 Review
  26. Chapter 25: The Keynesian Perspective
    1. 25.1 Aggregate Demand in Keynesian Analysis
    2. 25.2 The Building Blocks of Keynesian Analysis
    3. 25.3 The Phillips Curve
    4. 25.4 Keynesian Policy and the Keynesian Perspective on Market Forces
    5. Chapter 25 Review
  27. Chapter 26: The Neoclassical Perspective
    1. 26.1 The Building Blocks of Neoclassical Analysis
    2. 26.2 The Policy Implications of the Neoclassical Perspective
    3. 26.3 Balancing Keynesian and Neoclassical Models
    4. Chapter 26 Review
  28. Chapter 27: Money and Banking
    1. 27.1 Defining Money by Its Functions
    2. 27.2 Measuring Money: Currency, M1, and M2
    3. 27.3 The Role of Banks
    4. 27.4 How Banks Create Money
    5. Chapter 27 Review
  29. Chapter 28: Monetary Policy and Bank Regulation
    1. 28.1 The Federal Reserve Banking System and Central Banks
    2. 28.2 Bank Regulation
    3. 28.3 How a Central Bank Executes Monetary Policy
    4. 28.4 Monetary Policy and Economic Outcomes
    5. 28.5 Pitfalls for Monetary Policy
    6. Chapter 28 Review
  30. Chapter 29: Exchange Rates and International Capital Flows
    1. 29.1 How the Foreign Exchange Market Works
    2. 29.2 Demand and Supply Shifts in Foreign Exchange Markets
    3. 29.3 Macroeconomic Effects of Exchange Rates
    4. 29.4 Exchange Rate Policies
    5. Chapter 29 Review
  31. Chapter 30: Government Budgets and Fiscal Policy
    1. 30.1 Government Spending
    2. 30.2 Taxation
    3. 30.3 Federal Deficits and the National Debt
    4. 30.4 Using Fiscal Policy to Fight Recession, Unemployment, and Inflation
    5. 30.5 Automatic Stabilizers
    6. 30.6 Practical Problems with Discretionary Fiscal Policy
    7. 30.7 The Question of a Balanced Budget
    8. Chapter 30 Review
  32. Chapter 31: The Impacts of Government Borrowing
    1. 31.1 How Government Borrowing Affects Investment and the Trade Balance
    2. 31.2 Fiscal Policy and the Trade Balance
    3. 31.3 How Government Borrowing Affects Private Saving
    4. 31.4 Fiscal Policy, Investment, and Economic Growth
    5. Chapter 31 Review
  33. Chapter 32: Macroeconomic Policy Around the World
    1. 32.1 The Diversity of Countries and Economies across the World
    2. 32.2 Improving Countries' Standards of Living
    3. 32.3 Causes of Unemployment and Inflation around the World
    4. 32.4 Balance of Trade Concerns
    5. Chapter 32 Review
  34. Chapter 33: International Trade
    1. 33.1 Absolute and Comparative Advantage
    2. 33.2 What Happens When a Country Has an Absolute Advantage in All Goods
    3. 33.3 Intra-industry Trade between Similar Economies
    4. 33.4 The Benefits of Reducing Barriers to International Trade
    5. Chapter 33 Review
  35. Chapter 34: Globalization and Protectionism
    1. 34.1 Protectionism: An Indirect Subsidy from Consumers to Producers
    2. 34.2 International Trade and Its Effects on Jobs, Wages, and Working Conditions
    3. 34.3 Arguments in Support of Restricting Imports
    4. 34.4 Trade Policy
    5. Chapter 34 Review